]mro (Amharic)

 sM atklt
 
ከዶ/ር ኣበራ ሞላ
 
Ethiopian Plant Names

Dr. Aberra Molla

Ethiopia is one of the seven fundamental, independent centers of origin of cultivated plants, which at the same time were the probable foci of the independent development of world agriculture. According to Vavilov, in agricultural Abyssinia alone, there were more varieties of plants than in all the other countries of the world. This small centre is rather peculiar, being characterized by a small number of independent important cultivated plants displaying an extraordinary variety of forms. Here maximum diversity in the world are found, so far as the varieties of wheat, barley, and perhaps also the grain sorghum, are concerned. This is the home of such plants as teff - Eragrostis abyssinica: a most important cereal of Abyssinia; Noug - Guizotia abyssinica: an original oleaginous plant of this country. Flax is distinguished by its small seeds. Abyssinia is the home of the coffee plant as well as of the barley used in brewing.

Though no archaeological memorials testifying to the ancient character of the Abyssinian centre have been found (with the exception of the ancient phallic culture recently discovered in Southern Abyssinia), it may be affirmed, on the basis of the diversity and the special qualities of the cultivated plants, as well as the technique of agriculture (cultivation by means of hoes still exists to some extent in Abyssinia), that this centre is indubitably independent and very ancient. It is our conviction that Egypt has borrowed its crop plants from Abyssinia to a considerable extent. All comparative data concerning the diversity of the cultivated plants, the species of domestic animals, the mode of life of the agricultural population, the original food of the latter--all point to the autonomous character of the Abyssinian centre. The data of linguistics are a further proof of the foregoing conclusion. (1)

Ensete (Ensete edule) is one of the plants that has not left Ethiopia. Sorghum moved southwards along each side of the rift to South Africa. By 1000 BC sorghum, finger millet and bulrush millet (Pennisetum) spread out of Ethiopia to India and north to the Red Sea and along the Sabean lane (Yemen). This was followed by cowpeas, pigeon peas and sesame around 100 BC. Between 400 and 600 AD coffee (Coffea arabica) spread northwards to Arabia with the Ethiopian conquest. (2)

 

Summary statistics for: Ethiopia (1997)- ETH-OO

BRU summary IUCN category     Taxa     Species   Extinct (Ex):     --     --   Possibly extinct (Ex/E):     1     1   Endangered (E):     63     63   Vulnerable (V):     31     31   Rare (R):     46     46   Indeterminate (I):     13     14   Number threatened (Ex/E, E, V, R, I):     154     155

 

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The number of native flora species has been estimated at over 10,000, while more than 50 different botanical plant communities exist. As might be expected in a country with such wide variations in climate, topography and soils, Ethiopia is one of the few countries in Africa where virtually all major types of natural vegetation are represented, ranging from thorny bushes to tropical forests and to mountain grasslands. Unfortunately, the current rate of deforestation is estimated to be 200,000 hectares per year. As a result large areas of the country are now exposed to heavy soil erosion. It is estimated that fertile top soil is lost at a rate of 1 billion cubic meters per year, resulting in a massive environmental degradation and serious threat to sustainable agriculture and forestry. (3)

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Top WDly

Abeqa aBq^ msrv Clerodendrum myricoides

Abyssinian wild rose Qg^ qqw Rosa abyssinica

Acacia abyssinica

Acacia senegal Gum Arabic Tree  Ymx grr?

Acacia seyal Gum Arabic Tree

Acanthopale aethiopica

Adai ady (t) Salvadora persica

Adey flower Coreopsis borianiana aDy aBb^ kl

African Birdseye Capsicum minimum mumu

African dogwood Rhamnus prinoides

African rice Oryza glaberrima ሩዝ

African sausage tree Kigelia africana

Agam Carissa edulis agm^ aGms

Akirma Eleusine jaegeri akrm

Akorarchigne Ajuga remota aqrrxo

Akuku Dregea abyssinica akk

Alaya Clematis longicauda aly

Albizia schimperiana

Alepidea peduncularis

Allspice Pimenta dioica

Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis rt

Alqim Sesbania sp. alqm

Aluma Amaranthus sylvestris alm

Ambeshok amBvk

Amedmado Chenopodium ambrosioides aMdmd

Amerra aMr Plumbago zeylanica

Anagallis arvensis Scarlet pimpernel

Anashiloz anvlz

Ancheba Ocimum suave anXb

Anchotie  Coccinia abyssinica anxt

Ango Rumex nervosus ambx^ DnGg^ h<t

Angora Strychinos spinosa angr (a)

Aningeria adolfi-fredericii

Anise Pimpinella anisum ansll 1ans2

Annona muricata

Annona senegalensis

Apple Malus domestica pm

Apple of Sodam  amby Solanum incanum

Arechenie Dregea schimperi aRXn

Arencho Cylusea abyssinica aRnc^ Rnx

Ariti  Artemisia sp. art^ qd

Ashkit avkt Galium aparinoides

Ashut avt

Asparagus Asparagus sp.

Athath auu Mytenus ovatus

Atquar auqr Buddleja polystachia

Azamir Bersama abyssinica azmr^ llcs

Azzo hareg az 'Rg Clematis simensis

Bagana Amorphophallus abyssinicus bgn

Bamboo Arundinaria alpina QrKh@ lmn

Banana Musa sapientum mz

Barley Hordeum sp. Gbs

Bayie Conibretum paniculatum  by

Bel bella Celosia trigyna Bl Bl

Bersama abyssinica

Birbira Millettia ferruginea brbr^ sTl

Bird's honey qr 'gg

Bishop's weed  Nx azmd Trachyspermum ammi

Black cumin uqr azmd^ ng grc Nigella sativa

Black nightshade awu Solanium nigrum

Boerhaavia plumbaginea

Boro br (s) Aristolochia bracteata

Boswelia ogadensis

Brassica nigra Snfx?

Brassica oleracea

Broad-leaved croton Croton macrostachyus bsn^ MKns^ ambk

Cabbage Brassica oleracea uql gMn

Cabbage tree Moringa stenopetala

Calla lily Zantedeschia aethiopica, Lily of the Nile, የኢትዮጵያ ኣበባ

Caraway Carum carvi kRrm 1krw2

Cardamom Aframomum korarima kRrm

Carduus macracanthus

Carrot Daucus carota krt

Cassia holosericea

Castor bean Ricinus communis gl^ qb

Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea)

Cauliflower Brassica oleracea aBb gMn

Cedar Juniperus procera ud@ gtr

Celery Apium graveolens SLr

Celosia arqentea

Celosia arqentea

Ceropegia sobolifera

Chat Catha edulis xt^ jm

Chickpea Cicer arietinum vmbr

Chifrig cfrg

Chili pepper Capsicum abyssinicum BrBr^ BrBr

Chof-chof xf xf (a) Conium maculatum

Cinnamon Cinnamon iners QRf

Cissampelos pareira

Cloves Syzygium aromaticum qrnfd

Coffee Coffea arabica bn

Coleus potato Solenostemon ritundifolius

Cordia africana

Coriander Coriandrum sativum dmbll

Cotton Gossypium sp. uu (Gossypium herbaceum?)

Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (k)

Crambe Crambe abyssinica (Abyssinian kale)

Creeping thyme Thymus serpyllum

Cyanotis barbata

Dagusa Eleusine coracana dgs

Darko Indigofera houer drk (s)

Dacus hochstetteri  

Darnel grass Lolium temulentum ankrdd

Dedeho DDh Euclea schimperi

Dema kesie Ocimum lamiifolium Dm Ks

Derie Dr

Desert apple Ziziphus mauritiana qrqr^ abtr (Ziziphus abyssinica)

Dianthus longiglumis

Digtha dgu

Dikun dkn

Dill Anethum graveolens ansll 1dl2

Dima Adansonia digitata dm

Dingetegna, Taverniera abyssinica dnGTo

Dobi warabecha Girardinia bullosa db wrbc (a)

Dog Ferula abyssinica dg

Dombeya aethiopica

Doum palm mt Hyphaene compressa

Drimia simensis

Duba db Cucurbite  maxima

Dubj-goreyalle Heliotropium ovalifolium dbj-gryl  (s)

Eleusine africana

Embelia schimperi anqq?

Erica arborea

Erica trimera

Eriraio arry Evolvulus alsinoides

Ethiopian asparagus Asparagus abyssinicus

Ethiopian Dogstooth grass Cynodon aethiopicus  (Bermuda grass?)

Ethiopian eggplant Solanum aethiopicum bmy

Ethiopian Frankincense Boswellia rivea

Ethiopian mustard gMnZr Brassica carinata (Brassica seed Snfx)

Ethiopian rapeseed Brassica carinata (European trade mark name)

Ethiopian pelargonium Pelargonium quinquelobatum

Ethiopian pepper Xylopia aethiopica

Ethiopian rattlebox Clotalaria brevidens

Ethiopian sage Salvia aethiopis

Ethiopian thyme Thymus schrimperi uso

Ethan Boswellia papyrifera Qy aun

Etse-menahe Securidaca longipedunculata  aI Mn

Etse Phatos Dracaena steudneri aI [us

Euclea divinorum

Euphorbia ampliphylla

Euphorbia hirta

Faba bean bql Vicia faba

False banana anSt Ensete edule qx

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare ansll 1FNl2

Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum abv^ snq

Ficus glomerata

Filfilie flfl

Finger millet  Eleucine coracana dgs

Frankincense Boswellia papyrifera Qy aun

Galinsoga parviflora

Gambiela Gardenia lutea gmbl

Gamie gm

Garden cress Lepidium sativum fu^ vmf

Gardenia ternifolia

Garlic Allium sativum  Nx vnkrt 

Gicha Cyperus rigidifolius gc

Ginger Zingiber officinale znjbl

Gisewa Withania somnifera gSw^ agl^ azmy (t)

Gishtha gvu

Goatweed gnyt Epimedium sp.

Gobil gbl

Gomen Brassica carinata gMn

Gorgo grg

Gourd ql Lagenaria siceraria

Grape Vitis sp. Wyn

Grass pea  Lathyrus sativus gy

Grawa Veronia amygdalina grw

Guasa Balanites aegypiatca  gs^ bdn

Gubissna Sphaeranthus ukambesis gbsn (a)

Gudiy Ranunculus multifidus Gudiy  gdy^ aI s]l (g)

Gujie gj

Gumamilla gmml Polygonum senegalense  xm (a)

Gumero Capparis tomentosa gMr

Gunyato  gnyt Ageratum conyzoides  aRm

Gura harie Verbascum sinaiticum gr hr (a)^ Yahy jr

Gynadropsis gynadra

Gynadropsis speciosa

Habak-hidd  hbk-hd (s) Commiphora hodai kmb (a)

Hamlie Kulich 'ml qlx

Hareg Clematis simensis 'Rg^ hd

Haricot bean Phaseolus vulgaris aDngr

Harmo 'rm

Harrisonia abyssinica

Hashish aI frs^ hvv Cannabis sativa

Henna Lawsonia inermis hn

Hesperantha petitiana

Hops Humulus sp gv

Horseradish Moringa oleifera

Hunche Hibiscus sp. 'nX^ K*gt

Hyacinth bean Lablab purpureus (k)

Hypagophytum abyssinicum

Hypericum revolutum

Imbway Solanum incanum amby

Inbwacho anbx Rumex nervosus

Inchibir Rubia discolor anxbr

Indahula Kalanchoe sp. andhl

Indod Phytolacca dodecandra andd

Inkoy Ximenia americana anky^ hd^ mLt

Inqoqo Embelia schimperi anqq^ anq

Jambo jmb

Jasminum abyssinicum

Jimson weed  Datura stramonium aUfrs^ aSngr (g)

Kebericho Echinops kebericho QBrc

Kechemo QXm Myrsine africana

Kelewa Maesa lanceolata QLw

Kenchofe Qnxf (a) Cynara scolymus

Kentefa QnUf Pterolobium stellatumi

Kesem  KSm

Kesie Ks

Kinchib qnxb Kleinia spp. ( Euphorbia tirucalli) nn (a)

Kitkita ktkt Dodonaea angustifolia

Kniphofia foliosa

Koseret  kSRt Lippia adoensis var. koseret

Kosheshila kVvl

Koso Hagenia abyssinica ks

Kusayie k.y

Kwerch Erythrina abyssinica krc^ Wlns

Lalo Hareg ll hRg

Lantana camara

Lapeirousia abyssinica

Lemon Citrus limon

Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus

Lenkuatta Lnkt Grewia ferruginea

Lens ervoides

Lentil Lens esculenta msr

Limes Citrus aurantifolia lm

Limich Clausenia anisata lmx^ Wlmy (a)

Limich lmx

LInseed Linum usitatissimum Tlb (Flax)

Lishalisho Amaranthus caudatus lvlv^ jll

Lobelia gibberoa

Lobelia rhynchopetalum

Loxogramme abyssinica

Madagascar Periwinkle Catharanthus

Maidenhair Adiantum aethiopicum

Mango mng Mangifera sp.

Matricaria chamomile

Mekmeko Rumex abyssinicus MqMq^ cldy

Meterrie Glinus lotoides MTr

Micha micho Oxalis semiloba mx mx

Millet Zngd

Mint abn^ NaNa Mentha

Moringa stenoppetala

Musna Albizia anthelmintica msn

Myrrh Commiphora myrrh Krb

Myrtle Myrtus communis aDs

Nettle Urtica sp. sm

Noog Guizotia abyssinica ng (Nigerseed)

Nutmeg Myristica

Oats Avena sativa aj

Okra Abelmoschus esculentus Djmbl

Olive Olea europaea Wyr

Orange Citrus sp. brtkn

Oregano Criganum vulgare

Oromo potato Coleus edulis arm dnc (Ethiopian potato Plectranthus edulis aty[y dnc)

Palm Borassus aethiopum Zmbb^ h.]n^ mu

Papaya Carica papaya ppy

Pea Pisum sativum aTr^ aTr (Field pea)

Peanut Arachis hypogaea Lwz

Pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum

Pentas lanceolata subsp. quartiniana

Pergularia daemia

Phoenix reclinata  tmr

Pigeon pea Cajanus cajan

Pineapple anns Ananas comosus

Piper nigrum qnD BrBr

Pomegranate rmn Punica granatum

Popcorn Kkr Zea mays subsp. mays

Potato Solanum tuberosum dnc

Prickly pear Opuntia vulgaris qlql

Primula verticillata

Pumpkin YSyun db

Qelawa Maesa lanceolata Qlw

Qerero QRr

Qomatie qmu

Qumu Rhus abyssinica qm^ u_s

Qurqura Ziziphus mauritiana qrqr^ jmb

Ras kimir  Leonotis raineriana rs kmr

Red beets Beta vulgaris Qy sr

Red eucalyptus (Red gum) Qy b'r zf

Red shallots Allium ascalonicum Qy vnkrt

Rhus natalensis

Rice rz Oryza sativa

Rosemary Rosemarinus officianlis